Ceqli: Difference between revisions
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= Morphology = | = Morphology = | ||
As stated previously, Ceqli uses the word-shape formula '''A+B+''', or, one or more '''A''' followed by one or more '''B'''. The set '''A''' includes most consonants, and the set '''B''' includes all vowels. '''B''' also includes the ''sonorant consonants''. As such, no vowel or sonorant consonant may occur at the beginning of a word. | As stated previously, Ceqli uses the word-shape formula '''A+B+''', or, one or more '''A''' followed by one or more '''B'''. The set '''A''' includes most consonants, and the set '''B''' includes all vowels. '''B''' also includes the ''sonorant consonants''. As such, no vowel or sonorant consonant may occur at the beginning of a word. Vowel-initial words are repaired with a prothetic /h/; sonorant-initial words are normally repaired with /z/. Thus, ''English'' → /heŋlizo/, ''Obama'' → /hobamazo/; but ''Lima'' → /zlimazo/, Russia → /zrusizo/.<ref name="Alphabet" /> | ||
Names always end with the suffix /zo/. This serves the same delimiting function as Loglan/Lojban “pauses. | Names always end with the suffix /zo/. This serves the same delimiting function as Loglan/Lojban “pauses.” | ||
= Lexicon = | = Lexicon = | ||
Latest revision as of 02:26, 21 June 2021
This article is a stub. Please help us by contributing content!
| created in: 1996-2017 by: Rex May | |
| kind: | Ceqlian, minimalist |
| influenced by: | Loglan, Lojban, Esperanto |
| script: | Latin |
| specification: | http://ceqli.pbworks.com/ (in English) |
Ceqli (/ˈt͡ʃɛŋli/), also known as Tshengli and (most recently) Tceqli, was a Loglan-inspired international auxiliary language with a self-segregating morphology.
History
In 1990, while he was the editor of the Loglan periodical Lognet, Rex May wrote an article aiming to show how Loglan morphology could be simplified and improved. It was originally titled “Yet Another Morphological Revolution”; however, James Cooke Brown retitled it “A Critique of Loglan Morphology with Suggestions for a New International Language” to emphasize that May’s ideas constituted a break with Loglan’s design, and responded with a counter-critique aimed at the language sketched by May.[1][2][3][4]
Ceqli, first published online in 1996, is a realization of the ideas of the 1990 article. Morphology and lexicon are the core of the project; the syntax and semantics of Ceqli are derived from Loglan. Ceqli was a hybrid between a loglang and an auxlang; it was designed to enable unambiguous expression, but not to force it, and to be more easily learnable and speakable than other unambiguous languages. The vocabulary would be hand-picked from a wide selection of languages, rather than algorithmically generated as in Loglan and Lojban.[5] May continued to revise Ceqli, particularly the phoneme inventory and orthography,[6] until his death in 2017. A Yahoo group for the language saw hundreds of posts per month in the early 2000s, but was mostly inactive by 2008.[7]
Phonology
The last version of Ceqli, called Tceqli, had an inventory of 26 phonemes; 20 consonants and six vowels.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | h | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||
| Semivowel | w | j |
Ceqli has the same six vowels as Lojban.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ə | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ||
| Open | a | ||
The phonemes in pink are the obstruent consonants. These are “leading letters”; they are A elements in the A+B+ word-shape formula of Ceqli. The phonemes in blue are sonorants and vowels. They are “following letters,” i.e., B elements.[8] This will be discussed further in the next section.
The alphabet is as follows. Major differences from the IPA are highlighted in red.
| Grapheme | # | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phoneme | ə | a | b | ʃ | d | ɛ | f | g | h | i | ʒ | k | l | m | n | o | p | ŋ | r | s | t | u | v | w | see note† | j | z |
† The letter ⟨x⟩ is used to form ad hoc digraphs to represent foreign phonemes. E.g., ⟨tx⟩ represents [θ] in renderings of English names.[8]
Morphology
As stated previously, Ceqli uses the word-shape formula A+B+, or, one or more A followed by one or more B. The set A includes most consonants, and the set B includes all vowels. B also includes the sonorant consonants. As such, no vowel or sonorant consonant may occur at the beginning of a word. Vowel-initial words are repaired with a prothetic /h/; sonorant-initial words are normally repaired with /z/. Thus, English → /heŋlizo/, Obama → /hobamazo/; but Lima → /zlimazo/, Russia → /zrusizo/.[8]
Names always end with the suffix /zo/. This serves the same delimiting function as Loglan/Lojban “pauses.”
Lexicon
The lexicon was selected from a wider variety of source languages than Loglan’s eight, and words were not hybridized via an algorithm, but merely fitted into the native word structure.[5] Content words are drawn from such languages as Bulgarian, Greek, Latin, German, Japanese and Esperanto. Function words are mostly borrowed from Loglan.[9]
References
- ↑ May, R. 1990. “A Critique of Loglan Morphology with Suggestions for a New International Language, Part 1 — Critique.” In Lognet 90/2. The Loglan Institute. Accessed from http://loglan.org/Articles2/critique-of-Loglan-morphology1.html (20 June 2021).
- ↑ Brown, James C. 1990. “In Defense of Loglan Morphology, Part 1 — Answer” In Lognet 90/2. The Loglan Institute. Accessed from http://loglan.org/Articles2/defense-of-Loglan-morphology1.html (20 June 2021).
- ↑ May, R. 1990. “A Critique of Loglan Morphology with Suggestions for a New International Language, Part 2 — Suggestions.” In Lognet 90/3. The Loglan Institute. Accessed from http://loglan.org/Articles2/critique-of-Loglan-morphology2.html (20 June 2021).
- ↑ Brown, James C. 1990. “In Defense of Loglan Morphology, Part 2 — Critique of ‘Rexlan.’” In Lognet 90/2. The Loglan Institute. Accessed from http://loglan.org/Articles2/defense-of-Loglan-morphology1.html (20 June 2021).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 May, R. 2011. “The History of Ceqli.” Ceqli Blog. Accessed from http://ceqliblog.blogspot.com/2011/07/history-of-ceqli.html (20 June 2021).
- ↑ May, R. 2017. “Keeping the semivowels Y and W.” Ceqli Blog. Accessed from http://ceqliblog.blogspot.com/2017/05/keeping-semivowels-y-and-w.html (20 June 2021).
- ↑ “Ceqli.” Yahoo Groups. Archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20120729114659/http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ceqli/ (last accessed 20 June 2021).
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 May, R. 2017. “The Alphabet and Sounds.” Ceqli.pbworks.com. Accessed from http://ceqli.pbworks.com/w/page/5455985/The%20Alphabet%20and%20Sounds (20 June 2021).
- ↑ May, R. 2014. “Ceqli-English Glossary.” Ceqli.pbworks.com. Accessed from http://ceqli.pbworks.com/w/page/5455969/Ceqli-English%20Glossary (20 June 2021).