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*; Continuation marker | *; Continuation marker | ||
*: certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word | *: certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word | ||
*:* [[Toaq]] uses the flat toneme for this | *:* [[Toaq]] uses the flat toneme for this<ref>http://toaq.org/#compound_predicates</ref> | ||
*; Word length marker | *; Word length marker | ||
*: the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is | *: the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is | ||
*:* [[X-1]] | *:* [[X-1]]<ref>https://mw.lojban.org/papri/X-1#Morphology</ref> | ||
*; Initial consonant cluster | *; Initial consonant cluster | ||
*:* [[Lojban]] | *:* [[Lojban]]<ref>https://lojban.github.io/cll/4/3/</ref> | ||
=== Syntax === | === Syntax === | ||
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*; Serial predicates | *; Serial predicates | ||
*: the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another | *: the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another | ||
*:* [[Toaq]] and [[Gua\spi]], which is signalled with the falling and high even tonemes respectively | *:* [[Toaq]]<ref>http://toaq.org/#serial_predicates</ref> and [[Gua\spi]]<ref>http://www.jfcarter.net/~jimc/guaspi/acmpaper.html</ref>, which is signalled with the falling and high even tonemes respectively | ||
*:* [[Lojban]] of at least one dialect: ''turtau'' | *:* [[Lojban]] of at least one dialect: ''turtau''<ref>https://mw.lojban.org/papri/User:Gleki/turtau</ref> | ||
*; Compound metaphors | *; Compound metaphors | ||
*: predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's | *: predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's | ||
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*; Numerals as a part of speech | *; Numerals as a part of speech | ||
*: numbers constitute a separate grammatical class | *: numbers constitute a separate grammatical class | ||
*:* [[Lojban]]: the ''selma'o'' (grammatical class) PA | *:* [[Lojban]]: the ''selma'o'' (grammatical class) PA<ref name="lojban-numbers">https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/2/</ref> | ||
*; Numbers as predicates | *; Numbers as predicates | ||
*: numbers are cardinality predicates (‘x₁ is three in number’ etc.) | *: numbers are cardinality predicates (‘x₁ is three in number’ etc.) | ||
*:* [[Toaq]] | *:* [[Toaq]]<ref>http://toaq.org/#numbers</ref> | ||
* Composition | * Composition | ||
*; Concatenation | *; Concatenation | ||
*: values are expressed as a sequence of digits in positional notation | *: values are expressed as a sequence of digits in positional notation | ||
*:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa re ci vo mu'' (lit. ‘1 2 3 4 5’) denotes the number 12,345 | *:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa re ci vo mu'' (lit. ‘1 2 3 4 5’) denotes the number 12,345<ref name="lojban-numbers">https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/2/</ref> | ||
* Usage | * Usage | ||
*; As quantifiers | *; As quantifiers | ||
*: numbers attach to terms and scope over the sentence, signifying how many values of the term satisfy the sentence | *: numbers attach to terms and scope over the sentence, signifying how many values of the term satisfy the sentence | ||
*:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa da'' (lit. ‘one something’) = ‘there exists exactly one thing that…’ | *:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa da'' (lit. ‘one something’) = ‘there exists exactly one thing that…’<ref>https://lojban.github.io/cll/6/6/</ref> | ||
== References == | |||
<references /> |
Revision as of 23:05, 24 March 2020
Modular Language Architecture
This section will explore how a language could be broken down into modules.
Module Breakdown
- Phonotactics
- Different rules for how a phonology can be assembled into words.
- Writing System
- Structure, Syntax, and Semantics
- Vocabulary
- Provides set of non-core/non-syntactic/non-structural words with defined meanings
- Not attached to specific phonological forms
- Different vocabulary module instances could incorporate different philosophies
- e.g. world view for constructing composites:
- Have a word for 'tooth', or have a compound like 'mouth-stone'?
Module Hierarchy
- Morphology
- Written
- Writing System
- Verbal
- Phonotactics
- Phonology
- Phonotactics
- Written
- Vocabulary
- Structure, syntax, semantics
The contents
This part of the document is a draft. -- Uakci (talk)
Morphology
- Self-segmentation strategies
- Continuation marker
- certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word
Syntax
Predicates and their arguments
- Sentence functions
- Predicate–argument
- predicates, together with arguments, form predications; both must be present (at least implicitly)
see(man, cat)
- present in most logical languages
- Predicate–variable
- predicates only accept variable labels as terms; these, in turn, can be bound by quantifier expressions and restricted with subsequent predicate clauses
∃xy[man(x) ∧ cat(y) ∧ see(x, y)]
- Xorban
- Predicate
- no arguments are exposed; predicates are implicitly connected with quantified variables
man₁ = see₁; see₂ = cat₁
- Ad-hoc predicate composition
- Serial predicates
- the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another
- Compound metaphors
- predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's
- Lojban has a highly developed appositional tanru grammar
Numbers and counting
- Representation
- Numerals as a part of speech
- numbers constitute a separate grammatical class
- Composition
- Usage
References
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#compound_predicates
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/X-1#Morphology
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/4/3/
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#serial_predicates
- ↑ http://www.jfcarter.net/~jimc/guaspi/acmpaper.html
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/User:Gleki/turtau
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/2/
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#numbers
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/6/6/