Modules: Difference between revisions

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*; Continuation marker
*; Continuation marker
*: certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word
*: certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word
*:* [[Toaq]] uses the flat toneme for this
*:* [[Toaq]] uses the flat toneme for this<ref>http://toaq.org/#compound_predicates</ref>
*; Word length marker
*; Word length marker
*: the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is
*: the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is
*:* [[X-1]]
*:* [[X-1]]<ref>https://mw.lojban.org/papri/X-1#Morphology</ref>
*; Initial consonant cluster
*; Initial consonant cluster
*:* [[Lojban]]
*:* [[Lojban]]<ref>https://lojban.github.io/cll/4/3/</ref>


=== Syntax ===
=== Syntax ===
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*; Serial predicates
*; Serial predicates
*: the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another
*: the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another
*:* [[Toaq]] and [[Gua\spi]], which is signalled with the falling and high even tonemes respectively
*:* [[Toaq]]<ref>http://toaq.org/#serial_predicates</ref> and [[Gua\spi]]<ref>http://www.jfcarter.net/~jimc/guaspi/acmpaper.html</ref>, which is signalled with the falling and high even tonemes respectively
*:* [[Lojban]] of at least one dialect: ''turtau''
*:* [[Lojban]] of at least one dialect: ''turtau''<ref>https://mw.lojban.org/papri/User:Gleki/turtau</ref>
*; Compound metaphors
*; Compound metaphors
*: predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's
*: predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's
Line 75: Line 75:
*; Numerals as a part of speech
*; Numerals as a part of speech
*: numbers constitute a separate grammatical class
*: numbers constitute a separate grammatical class
*:* [[Lojban]]: the ''selma'o'' (grammatical class) PA
*:* [[Lojban]]: the ''selma'o'' (grammatical class) PA<ref name="lojban-numbers">https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/2/</ref>
*; Numbers as predicates
*; Numbers as predicates
*: numbers are cardinality predicates (‘x₁ is three in number’ etc.)
*: numbers are cardinality predicates (‘x₁ is three in number’ etc.)
*:* [[Toaq]]
*:* [[Toaq]]<ref>http://toaq.org/#numbers</ref>
* Composition
* Composition
*; Concatenation
*; Concatenation
*: values are expressed as a sequence of digits in positional notation
*: values are expressed as a sequence of digits in positional notation
*:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa re ci vo mu'' (lit. ‘1 2 3 4 5’) denotes the number 12,345
*:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa re ci vo mu'' (lit. ‘1 2 3 4 5’) denotes the number 12,345<ref name="lojban-numbers">https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/2/</ref>
* Usage
* Usage
*; As quantifiers
*; As quantifiers
*: numbers attach to terms and scope over the sentence, signifying how many values of the term satisfy the sentence
*: numbers attach to terms and scope over the sentence, signifying how many values of the term satisfy the sentence
*:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa da'' (lit. ‘one something’) = ‘there exists exactly one thing that…’
*:* [[Lojban]]: ''pa da'' (lit. ‘one something’) = ‘there exists exactly one thing that…’<ref>https://lojban.github.io/cll/6/6/</ref>
 
== References ==
<references />

Revision as of 23:05, 24 March 2020

Modular Language Architecture

This section will explore how a language could be broken down into modules.

Module Breakdown

Phonology
Different sets of phonemes which can be used.
Phonotactics
Different rules for how a phonology can be assembled into words.
Writing System
Structure, Syntax, and Semantics
Vocabulary
  • Provides set of non-core/non-syntactic/non-structural words with defined meanings
  • Not attached to specific phonological forms
  • Different vocabulary module instances could incorporate different philosophies
  • e.g. world view for constructing composites:
    Have a word for 'tooth', or have a compound like 'mouth-stone'?

Module Hierarchy

  • Morphology
    • Written
      • Writing System
    • Verbal
      • Phonotactics
        • Phonology
  • Vocabulary
  • Structure, syntax, semantics

The contents

This part of the document is a draft. -- Uakci (talk)

Morphology

  • Self-segmentation strategies
    Continuation marker
    certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word
    • Toaq uses the flat toneme for this[1]
    Word length marker
    the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is
    Initial consonant cluster

Syntax

Predicates and their arguments

  • Sentence functions
    Predicate–argument
    predicates, together with arguments, form predications; both must be present (at least implicitly)
    • see(man, cat)
    • present in most logical languages
    Predicate–variable
    predicates only accept variable labels as terms; these, in turn, can be bound by quantifier expressions and restricted with subsequent predicate clauses
    • ∃xy[man(x) ∧ cat(y) ∧ see(x, y)]
    • Xorban
    Predicate
    no arguments are exposed; predicates are implicitly connected with quantified variables
    • man₁ = see₁; see₂ = cat₁
  • Ad-hoc predicate composition
    Serial predicates
    the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another
    • Toaq[4] and Gua\spi[5], which is signalled with the falling and high even tonemes respectively
    • Lojban of at least one dialect: turtau[6]
    Compound metaphors
    predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's
    • Lojban has a highly developed appositional tanru grammar

Numbers and counting

  • Representation
    Numerals as a part of speech
    numbers constitute a separate grammatical class
    • Lojban: the selma'o (grammatical class) PA[7]
    Numbers as predicates
    numbers are cardinality predicates (‘x₁ is three in number’ etc.)
  • Composition
    Concatenation
    values are expressed as a sequence of digits in positional notation
    • Lojban: pa re ci vo mu (lit. ‘1 2 3 4 5’) denotes the number 12,345[7]
  • Usage
    As quantifiers
    numbers attach to terms and scope over the sentence, signifying how many values of the term satisfy the sentence
    • Lojban: pa da (lit. ‘one something’) = ‘there exists exactly one thing that…’[9]

References