Modules: Difference between revisions
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== The contents == | == The contents == | ||
'''''This part of the document is a draft.''''' -- [[User:Uakci|Uakci]] ([[User talk:Uakci|talk]]) | '''''This part of the document is a draft.''''' -- [[User:Uakci|Uakci]] ([[User talk:Uakci|talk]]) | ||
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*; Continuation marker | *; Continuation marker | ||
*: certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word | *: certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word | ||
*:* [[Toaq]] uses the | *:* [[Toaq]] uses the flat toneme for this | ||
*; Word length marker | *; Word length marker | ||
*: the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is | *: the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is | ||
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*: predicates, together with arguments, form predications; both must be present (at least implicitly) | *: predicates, together with arguments, form predications; both must be present (at least implicitly) | ||
*:* <code>see(man, cat)</code> | *:* <code>see(man, cat)</code> | ||
*:* ''present in most logical languages'' | |||
*; Predicate–variable | *; Predicate–variable | ||
*: predicates only accept variable labels as terms; these, in turn, can be bound by quantifier expressions and restricted with subsequent predicate clauses | *: predicates only accept variable labels as terms; these, in turn, can be bound by quantifier expressions and restricted with subsequent predicate clauses | ||
Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
*: no arguments are exposed; predicates are implicitly connected with quantified variables | *: no arguments are exposed; predicates are implicitly connected with quantified variables | ||
*:* <code>man₁ = see₁; see₂ = cat₁</code> | *:* <code>man₁ = see₁; see₂ = cat₁</code> | ||
* Ad-hoc predicate composition | |||
*; Serial predicates | |||
*: the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another | |||
*:* [[Toaq]] and [[Gua\spi]], which is signalled with the falling and high even tonemes respectively | |||
*:* [[Lojban]] of at least one dialect: ''turtau'' | |||
*; Compound metaphors | |||
*: predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's | |||
*:* [[Lojban]] has a highly developed appositional ''tanru'' grammar | |||
==== Numbers and counting ==== | ==== Numbers and counting ==== |
Revision as of 22:52, 24 March 2020
Modular Language Architecture
This section will explore how a language could be broken down into modules.
Module Breakdown
- Phonotactics
- Different rules for how a phonology can be assembled into words.
- Writing System
- Structure, Syntax, and Semantics
- Vocabulary
- Provides set of non-core/non-syntactic/non-structural words with defined meanings
- Not attached to specific phonological forms
- Different vocabulary module instances could incorporate different philosophies
- e.g. world view for constructing composites:
- Have a word for 'tooth', or have a compound like 'mouth-stone'?
Module Hierarchy
- Morphology
- Written
- Writing System
- Verbal
- Phonotactics
- Phonology
- Phonotactics
- Written
- Vocabulary
- Structure, syntax, semantics
The contents
This part of the document is a draft. -- Uakci (talk)
Morphology
- Self-segmentation strategies
- Continuation marker
- certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word
- Toaq uses the flat toneme for this
- Word length marker
- the first syllable of each word determines how long the word is
- Initial consonant cluster
Syntax
Predicates and their arguments
- Sentence functions
- Predicate–argument
- predicates, together with arguments, form predications; both must be present (at least implicitly)
see(man, cat)
- present in most logical languages
- Predicate–variable
- predicates only accept variable labels as terms; these, in turn, can be bound by quantifier expressions and restricted with subsequent predicate clauses
∃xy[man(x) ∧ cat(y) ∧ see(x, y)]
- Xorban
- Predicate
- no arguments are exposed; predicates are implicitly connected with quantified variables
man₁ = see₁; see₂ = cat₁
- Ad-hoc predicate composition
- Serial predicates
- the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another
- Compound metaphors
- predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's
- Lojban has a highly developed appositional tanru grammar
Numbers and counting
- Representation
- Numerals as a part of speech
- numbers constitute a separate grammatical class
- Lojban (the selma'o (grammatical class) PA)
- Numbers as predicates
- numbers are cardinality predicates (‘x₁ is three in number’ etc.)
- Composition
- Concatenation
- values are expressed as a sequence of digits in positional notation
- Lojban: pa re ci vo mu (lit. ‘1 2 3 4 5’) denotes the number 12,345
- Usage
- As quantifiers
- numbers attach to terms and scope over the sentence, signifying how many values of the term satisfy the sentence
- Lojban: pa da (lit. ‘one something’) = ‘there exists exactly one thing that…’