Modules
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Goals of the Logical Language Modules Project
Build a Library of Logical Language Modular Components and Tools.
These components should aim to:
- A full logical language can be assembled wholly or partly from existing modules.
- Innovators can focus on developing a new module rather than a whole language.
- Enumerate the design space of Logical Languages.
- Provide alternate modules for different design choices.
- Describe modules' strengths, weaknesses, and compatibility.
- Do not apply value judgements or advocate for any particular option.
- Be systematic and well documented.
- A method or a choice without documented justification will be lost.
- Provide software for working with these components.
Modular Language Architecture
- Morphology
- Written
- Writing System
- Verbal
- Phonotactics
- Phonology
- Phonotactics
- Written
- Vocabulary
- Syntax
- Predicates and Arguments
- Numbers and Counting
- Semantic Foundation
Module Design Space and Features
Morphology
- Self-segmentation strategies
- Continuation marker
- certain feature or features of a syllable is used to determine if it is a continuation of the previous word
- Sentinel value
- programming concept: special predetermined value as a signal for termination
- Relation between Written and Verbal
Written
- Writing System
- Alphabet
- Syllabary
- Logography
Verbal
- Phonology
- Different sets of phonemes which can be used.
- Phonotactics
- Different rules for how a phonology can be assembled into words.
Vocabulary
Provides set of non-core/non-syntactic/non-structural words with defined meanings Not attached to specific phonological forms Different vocabulary module instances could incorporate different philosophies, such as world view for constructing composites - have a word for 'tooth', or use a compound like 'mouth-stone'?
- Vocabulary for Opposites
- One word per dimension, use negation
- Smaller, more atomic vocabulary.
- happy vs unhappy
- Lojban: gleki vs tolgleki
- One word per dimension direction
-
- happy vs sad
- Lojban: gleki vs badri
- (Note: it may be debatable that happiness and sadness are opposites, for this example, assume they are)
- Vocabulary for Intensities
- Multiple words for different intensities
-
- happy vs elated vs ecstatic
- Modifier for different intensities
-
- happy vs very happy vs extremely happy
- (Note: you may need to ignore some connotations for these examples to fit better)
Syntax
Predicates and their arguments
- Sentence functions
- Predicate–argument
- predicates, together with arguments, form predications; both must be present (at least implicitly)
see(man, cat)
- present in most logical languages
- Predicate–variable
- predicates only accept variable labels as terms; these, in turn, can be bound by quantifier expressions and restricted with subsequent predicate clauses
- Predicate
- no arguments are exposed; predicates are implicitly connected with quantified variables
man₁ = see₁; see₂ = cat₁
- Ad-hoc predicate composition
- Serial predicates
- the embedding of one predicate's structure inside another
- Compound metaphors
- predicate apposition as modification of one predicate's meaning by the other's
- Lojban has a highly developed appositional tanru grammar
Numbers and counting
- Representation
- Numerals as a part of speech
- numbers constitute a separate grammatical class
- Composition
- Usage
- As quantifiers
- numbers attach to terms and scope over the predicate, signifying how many possible values of the term satisfy the predicate
- Lojban: ci da (lit. ‘three something’) = ‘there exist exactly three things that…’[15]. Lojban has an extensive assortment of number grammar particles which allow to construct more elaborate quantifications: for example, su'o (pa) ‘at least one’ for ∃, ro ‘all’ for ∀, or even things like da'a su'e rau ‘all but at most enough’.
Semantic Foundations
References
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#compound_predicates
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/X-1#Morphology
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/4/3/
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/4/8/
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/BPFK_Section:_cmevla
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/19/10/
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/3/1/
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/audio-visual_isomorphism
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/X-1#Sample
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#serial_predicates
- ↑ http://www.jfcarter.net/~jimc/guaspi/acmpaper.html
- ↑ https://mw.lojban.org/papri/User:Gleki/turtau
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/2/
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#numbers
- ↑ https://lojban.github.io/cll/6/6/
- ↑ http://toaq.org/#predicates